To investigate the effect of weed interference and weed-free periods on Balangu (Lallemantia royleana Benth. in Wall) and to evaluate the critical period of weed control (CPWC) in this oilseed crop, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in Naghadeh region in 2018. Experimental consisted of two groups of treatments; weed infestation treatments (infestation for 144.2, 345.9, 574, 848.2, 1147.6 and 1451.3 growing degree day (GDD) after transplanting and then plots were remained weed-free the rest of the growing season) and weed-free treatments (weeding for 144.2, 345.9, 574, 848.2, 1147.6 and 1451.3 GDD after transplanting and then plots were remained infested until harvesting time). In each block, one weed free and weed infested control was for all the growing season. Results indicated that the density and dry biomass of weeds were increased as weed removal was delayed. In contrast, density and dry biomass of weeds were decreased as weeds establishment was delayed. Height, tetrachenes fruits, ripened achenes, 1000-seed weight and biological, seed and relative yields of Balangu were decreased and increased as the duration of weed-infested and weed-free period increased, respectively. Also, logistic and Gompertz curves fitted to data showed that the beginning and end of the CPWC based on a 10% yield loss of relative yield, was estimated to be from 11 to 108 days after transplanting (97 days weed-free period) in order to prevent a noticeable yield loss.

Coronvirus desies and its consequences have caused concern among various segments of society. In particular, the change in teaching methods from online to face-to-face training and the damage caused by this process in some cases has made this educational process difficult. Thus, identifying students' concerns and understanding the predictions of anxiety in the reopening of educational institutions will allow us to address the roots of this factor after the Corona epidemic and the reopening of schools.. This research is a qualitative research and content analysis and its statistical population is high school students in Tehran at the time of reopening of schools after the Corona epidemic. From this statistical population, 40 male and female subjects who met the research criteria were selected. After interviewing the subjects and analyzing them, sub-themes and main themes have been identified and classified.

Muslim Arabs entered Iran in the seventh century (A.D.) with their victory over Sasanian Empire. During the first few centuries, the sociocultural condition in Iran was naturally influenced by the changes which had been occurred in the political scene. This influence was the result of the encounter of two distinct social regimes which had different cultural values and traditions. According to historians, the so-called Iranian-Islamic civilization has been formed in the third century (10th c. A.D.). Two centuries of encounter between the two different socio-cultural regimes resulted in the cultural integration of the regimes, and finally formed a new framework.Although the new cultural configuration was based on Islamic values, many of its . components had Iranian origin. The most important issue in the first few centuries - mostly called as the "Transition Period" - was this fact that Iranians had tendency towards Islam and it attracted them. By analyzing the initial reaction of Iranian society in confrontation with Arabs and Islam, the present article tries to reach a comprehensive and better understanding of the growth and development of Islamic culture in Iran.

Objective(s): Studies on the factors related to fathers' anxiety in Iran are few and their results are often contradictory. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between perceived social support and marital satisfaction with the state-trait anxiety of fathers in the postpartum period. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 1402 on 250 fathers under the coverage of selected health centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data was collected using the demographic questionnaire, Spielberger Anxiety Scale, Perceived Social Support Multidimensional Scale, and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale (short form). Data analysis was done using SPSS-16 software, independent t-tests, ANOVA and regression analysis. A significance level of less than 0. 05 was considered. Results: The multiple linear regression model showed that having insurance (p=0. 020), exercising more than twice a week (p=0/048), marital satisfaction (p<0. 001), and perceived social support of the father (p=0. 042) were significantly related to his state anxiety, and marital satisfaction had the greatest effect on state anxiety with a standard coefficient of 0. 403. Based on the coefficient of determination of the model, the significant predictor was state anxiety. Having insurance (p=0. 035), not having a sleep disorder (p=0. 026), and the father's marital satisfaction (p<0/001), were also significantly related to father’s trait anxiety, and marital satisfaction had the greatest effect on trait anxiety with a standard coefficient of 0. 442. Based on the coefficient of determination of the model, the significant predictor was trait anxiety. Conclusion: The results showed the state-trait anxiety of fathers after the birth of a baby has an inverse relationship with perceived social support and marital satisfaction.

Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea is a common cause of referral to gynecological clinics. Due to its high prevalence and inability to provide ideal relief, it limits daily activities and absenteeism from work and school. There are several treatments for dysmenorrhea that are usually associated with complications. Many are looking for uncomplicated and effective methods to reduce complications. This study investigated the analgesic effect of Period Patch in dysmenorrhea. Material and Method: This interventional study was performed as a randomized clinical trial on 70 women with primary dysmenorrhea. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups receiving Mefenamic Acid and Period Patch containing iron powder, activated carbon, magnet, water and salt. Two treatments were used for one menstrual cycle. The rate of improvement in menstrual cramps was determined by dialogue and by a numerical analogue pain scale with a score of zero to ten. Finally, the effectiveness of methods in reducing pain was compared. In this study, reducing pain by at least 2 scores was considered as the effectiveness of treatment. Results: 70 people in two groups of 35 completed the study. The two groups were similar in terms of mean age, mean body mass index, marital status, frequency of exercise, smoking and age of onset of menstruation. The effectiveness rate was 22 cases (62. 9%) in mefenamic acid group and 13 cases (37. 1%) in Period Patch group, which showed a significant difference (P = 0. 031). Conclusion: In this study, the effect of Mefenamic Acid analgesia was greater than Period Patch in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

The present paper seeks to study women’s status, presence and role in different domains of society in Khwarazmian period (628-691 Hijra), which has not been investigated comprehensively yet. The results show that women had a more or less active presence in political, economic, social, artistic and literary domains in this period. In political domain, royal women had an active role, but other women had an influential role in other domains. However, abnormal behaviors and trifling women in salacious activities, especially by those in power, were common in this period, which greatly hurt society’s health and government’s efficiency.

The works written in SAMANIDs period in the field of History are partly the continuation of simple writing in the late second century A. H. The prose by a number of Historians in the SAMANID Period is artifact too. The authors just tried to praise the ruler's emirs and ministers exaggeratedly. They counted them as the right kings of time. Historiography in This period was mostly based on personal observation and for this reason access to the documents belonging to this period is very important. The main question of this research is: what are the essential features of Historiography in the SAMANID Period? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the best Historical sources in this Period? This research explains the strong and weak points of Historiography in the SAMANID Period and also tries to identify the main features of Historical sources in this Period. Among the important features of Islamic Historiography in this Period, one can refer to the cultural and civilizational attitude of Historians, Holistic Historiography, The appearance of rationalist analytical and educational attitude, combining various sciences such as History, Geography, astronomy, and knowledge about different science and fields. Some other things that we can see in the Historical compilations of this period are: starting to translate ( BALAMY historiography), avoiding the methods of news compilation based on the principles and traditions of Hadith records and also appearance of new methods of Historiography ( local History like History of Bokhara). Any way, The boom of Historiography and appearance of some important Historical works in the Period of SAMANID are achieved through variety of factors in the realm of this Iranian Family.

In every tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunneling project, there is an initial low production phase so-called the Learning Phase Period (LPP), in which low utilization is experienced and the operational parameters are adjusted to match the working conditions. LPP can be crucial in scheduling and evaluating the final project time and cost, especially for short tunnels for which it may constitute a major percentage of the total project completion time. The contractors are required to have a better understanding of the initial phase of a project to provide better estimates in the bidding documents. While evaluating and shortening of this phase of low production is important for increasing the productivity and daily advance rate of the machine, there has been limited a direct study and assessment of this period. In this work, we discuss the parameters impacting LPP, and introduce a new methodology for its evaluation. In this regard, an algorithm is introduced for estimation of the approximate extent of LPP based on some TBM tunneling case histories. On the basis of many statistical analyses conducted on the actual data and application of two different shapes of linear and polynomial for the description of LPP, a linear function is proposed for estimation of the learning phase parameters. The major parameters of this function are the learning conditions’ rating and the proportion of LPP to tunnel diameter (X1/D). Analysis of the correlation between these two parameters show a very good coefficient of determination (R 2 = 92%). This function can be used for the evaluation of TBM advance rates in LPP and for adjusting the TBM utilization factor in the initial stages of a TBM tunneling project. The learning phase can affect the overall utilization rate and completion time of the tunnels, especially when their lengths are around a couple of kilometers. A true understanding of the LPP characteristics can help the contractors to come up with a more accurate bidding time and cost evaluation, and may also benefit the clients to arrange a better schedule for the final project delivery to the public.

islam expressed great interest in the and of islam as it shone in the arabian peninsula. Many of the verses of the Holy Quran and Prophet Prophet ( PBUH) emphasize the acquisition of sciences and the use of reason and thought. The principle was made by Muslims. Following the conquests out of the Arabian peninsula, they became acquainted with the culture and civilization of the conquered regions, thus confronting the new world along with applied sciences. they felt that they were beginning to learn the sciences first. in the islamic realm. In the early deployments there was no special event, for most were in new conquests. At the time of his reign, when partly governed by political stability, attempts to translate the other UN texts by some Umayyad and the Umayyad Dynasty of Yazid, Marwan Marwan, Abdel-Aziz and some of his people interested in translating the political sciences. The translation period was translated into, which consisted mostly of the translation of the courts, administrative documents, trade, CIA, and some books. The move came in translation-texts and documents-as a prelude to the formation of the translation movement in the era. this study tries to explain and study the historical texts of-analytic historical texts in the era to translate texts; this movement paved the way for the translation movement in the era.